Which essential observation skills must a lifeguard continuously perform to recognize distress or drowning?

The correct answer highlights key observation skills that are critical for a lifeguard in identifying potential distress or drowning situations. Scanning refers to the active process of visually surveying the entire area of responsibility, ensuring that the lifeguard remains aware of all swimmers and their behavior. Targeting involves focusing on specific individuals who exhibit signs of distress or abnormal behavior in the water, such as struggling to stay afloat or calling for help. Assessing is vital as it allows the lifeguard to evaluate the situation, determining the severity of distress and deciding the necessary steps to take for assistance or rescue.

In contrast, the other choices involve different skill sets or processes that do not directly connect with the continuous observational skill required to identify drowning. Options emphasizing engagement or intervention may represent broader action items rather than specific observation techniques. Therefore, selecting scanning, targeting, and assessing provides the most accurate description of essential skills a lifeguard must actively practice to ensure swimmer safety.